THE questions of a teleology or a theodicy of the universe are the final questions and the most fascinating for philosophy, and especially modern philosophy; but they are also the most tantalising. They are just those where philosophy most conspicuously breaks down, whether as an avenue to reality or as a guide of life. In a great calamity, which goes to the very foundations of the moral soul, and makes us feel as if the bottom had dropped out of the moral world,